# Deductions
# Misses
A miss is defined as any of the following:
- any time a rope stops, unless an athlete is wrapping the rope, changing the direction of the rope, trapping the rope on a body part, and/or catching the rope in a pose
- if an athlete attempts to grasp the rope and misses catching any part of the rope during a release
- if a rope is pulled out of an athlete’s hand during a skill
If a disturbance of the rope(s) occurs but it doesn’t constitute a miss according to the above criteria, it is considered a "bobble", not a miss, and should therefore not be counted as a miss. However, it is accounted for by the presentation judges.
Another miss can occur on the next attempt to jump the rope(s).
In Single Rope events, a team can receive multiple misses simultaneously if the miss occurs in another (set of) rope(s).
Misses are counted per (set of) rope(s), not per athlete. During Single Rope partner interactions, Wheel events, and Double Dutch events, when a miss occurs, this is counted as one miss (not one miss per competitor).
# Space violations
A space violation occurs any time part of an athlete’s body touches the ground outside of the competition boundary. The boundary marker itself is in-bounds.
A space violation can also occur if anyone in the coach's box enters the competition boundary, or fully leaves the coach's box.
If a space violation occurs, the judges must not score any skills completed outside of the boundary. They must resume judging once the athlete has re-entered the competition area.
An athlete cannot receive an additional space violation until they have successfully completed a skill within the competition area.
Judges must count all space violations during a routine. A space violation is equal to 1 miss.
# Time violations
If the athlete(s) moves to start their routine before their music is audible, or if the athlete(s) performs any jumps or routine-related moves after the ending signal indicating time has sounded, a time violation has occurred.
A maximum of 2 time violations can occur per routine. Judges must count all time violations during the routine. A time violation is equal to 1 miss.