Difficulty

General

Difficulty judges will award a level for each skill performed in a routine. A skill is defined as a motion of the rope and/or athlete, beyond a double bounce jump, single bounce or basic side-swing, that is assigned a level of difficulty. The starting levels of difficulty and modifiers are described in the paragraphs below and illustrated using tables/matrices.

During a routine, the difficulty judges mark the difficulty level of each skill successfully performed within the time limit of the routine. A skill should only be marked by one of the three judges, so it is important for judges to be able to recognise when a skill includes an element that falls under the responsibility of one of the other judges. The determination of which of the three judge types will judge a specific skill is as follows:

1. Any skill including a power or gymnastics element will be judged by the Power and Gymnastics judge (Examples: frog, double under push-up, flip with a mic, aerial with a wrap).
2. Any multiple under skill that takes off and lands on two feet and does not include a power or gymnastics element will be judged by the Multiples judges (Examples: triple under TJ, quadruple AS, Hummingbird, double under crosses)
3. Any other skill, meaning skills that do not contain any power, gymnastics, and isn't a two-foot take-off/landing multiple under will be judged by the Rope Manipulation judge. (Examples: wraps releases, footwork, change in direction of rope movement in the air, single bounce crossing, double under crougar wrap, mic release, can-can, Awesome Annie etc.)

For freestyle with more than one athlete, if different skills are performed simultaneously, award credit for the lowest skill completed. If one athlete misses during a skill, this skill does not count, and no difficulty will be awarded until all athletes have resumed executing skills.

Judges should watch for skills that come before or after the skills that fall into their categories and make adjustments to skill levels as they deem appropriate. For example, an intricate wrap and release sequence that ends with a double under frog. The power judge may award a level 6 for the frog if the sequence prior to the double under frog added to the difficulty of completing the double under frog.

Note that the matrices and modifiers below are based on properly executed skills, judges should adjust the levels down if a skill is so poorly performed that it has become easier. Examples of this includes, but is not limited to, "fake" multiples (multiples starting with a side swing where the athlete has not left the ground when the rope passes by their feet on the first turn), "splits" that aren't deep enough and instead turns into a forward straddle, push-ups where the athlete doesn't jump out far enough and ends up looking like a "tent", etc.

note

Determining the level of individual skills in single rope includes a variety of factors: the level of athleticism required to complete a skill, the intricacy of a skill and the length of time required to complete a skill. Levels for skills have been adjusted to account for these factors and promote the use of skills to create well rounded routines that include a balance of all skill types.

Distinguishing between multiples and rope manipulation

Multiples are skills that traditionally start with an open jump, side swing, or wrap and do not start or end on one leg (e.g. double under EB landing in toad, or a double under exiting a toad on one foot), or start coming out of a restricted position (e.g. CL exit double under or CL double under switch). In other words, an athlete beginning a TJ, which is traditionally a multiple, standing on one leg should still be scored as a multiple, and not as a rope manipulation skill.

On the other hand, AS jumping out in a double under, TS jumping out in a double under, etc. are rope manipulation skills and not multiples. The same concept applies for switch double unders. These skills more closely align with traditional rope manipulation skills. They are performed low to the ground and begin with a rope manipulation skill.

Repeated Skills

The Difficulty judges are responsible for counting exact repetitions of skills and make a "repeated skill" mark any time one is performed.

Any time an exact skill with difficulty level 3 or higher is clearly repeated during a routine the difficulty judge should NOT make a mark for that skill, and instead make a "repeated skill" mark. Variations that are not considered repeated:

• Changing the direction (forward vs. backwards)
• Different ways of entering or exiting a skill

Variations that are considered repeated:

• Performing a skill on a different side or with different arms
• Performing a skill in a different direction relative to the floor or rope (for example looking north, south, east or west)
• Performed by a different athlete (or different combination of athletes) in the routine

Examples

1. TJ to double under entry to pushup, frog exit to double under entry to pushup, the double pushup will only count the first time it is done regardless of the type of skill done.
2. EB CL quadruple under done in isolation then a EB CL quadruple under landed in a CL are considered the same skill

Required Elements

In order to ensure that freestyle routines are well-rounded and varied, athletes will be required to perform certain skill types or elements. For each required element not fulfilled points will be deducted from the score.

The amount of required elements performed is determined based on the skill level marks made by the different difficulty judges, or by the Technical Judge for pairs interactions. Skills level 3 or above count as one completed required element, skills level 2 or below count as 1/2 completed required element.

For the IJRU World Championships Series, the following number of elements are required for freestyle events in the Senior competition, with the number of required elements for the Junior Competition in (parenthesis):

• 6 (4) Power and/or Gymnastics skills
• 6 (4) Multiples
• 6 (4) Rope manipulation skills
• 4 (4) Pairs interactions (recorded by the Technical Judge)

Event Organiser Discretion

The event organiser for other events than the IJRU world championships may adjust these numbers.

Power and Gymnastics

Gymnastics matrix

Starting Level	Examples of skills
Level 1	Cartwheel Roundoff Forward/backward roll Butterfly kick (B kick)
Level 2	Front handspring Kip Dive roll
Level 3	Aerial Barani Back handspring ¾ flip1 (front ¾ flip landing in a crab position or back ¾ landing in a push-up position)
Level 4	Front aerial Front flip Back flip Butterfly twist (B twist)
Level 5	Flips with twists (half or full) Front flip (L4) with double under (+1) ¾ flip (L3) with triple under (+2)
Level 6	Flips with 1.5 or 2 spins Kip whip Front handspring whip Backflip (L4) with triple under (+2) Front flip (L4) with triple under (+2)
Level 7	Back flip (L4) with a TJ (+2 for triple, +1 for one arm restricted) Kip Whip (L6) with a cross (+1 for cross with gymnastics)
Level 8	Double back Triple full Back flip (L4, +2 in triple under) with an AS cross (+2)

Power matrix

Starting Level	Examples of skills
Level 1	Standing to Frog/Push-up without pulling the rope Frog/Push-up to standing without pulling the rope Basic power skill entrance Butt Bounce
Level 2	One of the following skills to standing with pulling the rope under the feet in the exit (single bounce) Frog Push-up Crab Split
Level 3	One-handed power Frog/Push-up to standing Standing to landing in frog by two-foot take off (no rope goes under the body), and exiting from it Frog to single bounce cross landing in standing Frog/Push-up to standing without pulling the rope Double Under(1.5 rotations) Entry To Push-up
Level 4	Push-up to Push-up2 Frog to Push-up (Belch) Double Under Exit from Frog/Push-up
Level 5	AS Double Under (1.5 rotations) entry to push-up (more commonly known as AS push-up) Standing to double under open-open landing in frog Push-Up to Push-Up or Belch with a cross or one handed
Level 6	Split to backwards open single bounce landing in standing (must be full split with rope on the ground before pulling) Double Under (1.5 rotations) two footed entry to one handed frog Triple Under (2.5 rotations) two footed entry to frog Double Under Push-up to Push-up
Level 7	Frog/Push-up to backwards open single bounce landing in standing Triple Under (2.5 rotations) two footed entry to frog with a cross Quadruple Under (4 rotations) AS landing in a pushup One Handed Sunny D
Level 8	Moneymaker (Frog to single bounce remaining on the hands landing in frog) Frog/Push-up to backwards open single bounce landing in standing (Sunny D/Darkside) to Cross Frog/Push-up to backwards open single bounce landing in standing (Sunny D/Darkside) to Double Restriction(AS,CL,TS) Frog/Push-up to backwards open single bounce landing in standing (Sunny D/Darkside) to Pushup Triple Under (2.5 rotations) two footed entry to frog with a Double Restriction (AS, CL, TS)

Modifiers for powers and gymnastics

• +1 for Criss-cross performed with power or gymnastics skills and/or flips
• +1 for landing in a push-up, split or crab position from a multiple under power (e.g. Quadruple under AS (L5) multiple in pushup (+1) landing in pushup (+1) = L7, triple under TJ (L3) multiple in pushup (+1) landing in pushup (+1) = L5)
• +2 for landing in a one-footed frog from a multiple under power
• +3 for landing in a two-footed frog from a multiple under power (e.g. Double under (L1) multiple in power (+1) landing in two-footed (+3) = L5)
• +1 for assisted flips without supporting interaction
• -1 for assisted flips with supporting interactions all the way around
• +1 for every 90-degree turn in power when the rope is pulled (90° = +1, 180° = +2, 270° = +3, etc.)
• -1 for gymnastics with rope held with only one hand and not jumping the rope (for example, one-hand handspring (L3) with both handles in one hand (-1) = L2; front aerial (L3) with both handles in one hand (-1) = L2)
• +2 for landing in a pushup from another power skill (e.g. pushup (L2) to pushup (+2) = L4, Sunny D (L7) to pushup (+2) = L8 (adds to 9, but is capped at 8))
• -2 for a one-handed Sunny D if the arm not placed on the ground begins moving backward before the arm on the ground begins to leave the ground (L5 instead of L7)
• +1 for one-handed power and gymnastics on exit.

Multiples

Judges should be familiar enough with multiples skills to recognize when a side swing has been completed on the ground before the skill. Thus, not resulting in an additional level being added to a skill. Ex: Triple under toad (TJ) with initial side swing completed partially on the ground would result in only a Level 2 (double under toad) recorded by the judge (the initial side-swing being "Level 0").

Starting Level	Examples of skills
Level 1	Double under
Level 2	Triple under Double under with one-arm restriction
Level 3	Quadruple under Triple under with a single restriction (e.g. TJ (triple under toad), Inverse TJ (triple under inverse toad), triple under EB) Double under with a double restriction (e.g. double under AS, double under CL, double under TS, double under EM) Double under mic Triple under EK (360° turn performed in a triple under)
Level 4	Quintuple under Quadruple under with a single restriction (e.g. Quadruple under TJ (quadruple under toad), Quadruple under inverse toad, quadruple under crougar, quadruple under EB) Triple under with a double restriction (e.g. Triple under AS, triple under CL, triple under TS, triple under EM, triple under EB Toad, triple under Elephant)
Level 5	Sextuple under Quintuple under with a single restriction (e.g. Quintuple under EB, quintuple under toad, quintuple under inverse toad, quintuple under crougar) Quadruple under with a double restriction (e.g Quadruple under AS, quadruple under CL, quadruple under TS, quadruple under EM, quadruple under EB Toad) Hummingbird (Level 3 for quadruple under, +1 for restricted side swing +1 for wrap)
Level 6	Quintuple under Double restriction (e.g. Quintuple under AS, quintuple under CL, quintuple under EB toad, quintuple under KN, quintuple under TS) Quintuple Single Restriction (e.g Quintuple under EB, quintuple under toad, quintuple under inverse toad) to additional restriction Quadruple under AS×AS Quadruple under Double Restriction (e.g Quadruple under EB Toad, quadruple under KN, quadruple under AS, quadruple under CL, quadruple under TS) to additional restriction Backward quadruple under AS open, landing in AS Quintuple under (L4) Mic (+2) to a single restriction (e.g. EB, toad, crougar) (+1)
Level 7	Quintuple under (L4) to a double restriction (e.g EB toad, KN, AS, CL, TS) (+2) to an an additional restriction (+1) Quadurple under (L3) Mic (+2) to a Double restriction (e.g. EB toad, AS, CL, TS, EM) (+2)
Level 8	Quintuple under (L4) Mic (+2) to a double restriction (e.g. EB Toad, AS, CL, TS) (+2) Quintuple under (L4) double restriction (e.g. EB Toad, AS, CL, TS, KN) (+2) to open to additional restriction (+1) to open to additional restriction (+1) Sextuple under (L5) double restriction (+2) to an additional restriction(+1) Septuple under (L6) double restriction (+2)

note

The first one- or two-arm restriction of a multiple will add one or two levels respectively. Any additional arm restrictions, such as any changes in arm restrictions will only add one level each regardless of how many arms are restricted.

note

Multiples ending with a side swing should be scored as if the side swing was not part of the multiple. For example, "Triple under" open open side-swing should be judged as a double under open open.

Modifiers for multiples

• +1 for body rotation more than 270° in twist or flip direction (for example, EK, BC, full twist)
  • +1 for every additional 180° turned in the air beyond a 360° turn when jumped. (540° = total +2, 720° = total +3, 900° = total +4, etc.)
• +1 for changing the direction of rope movement in the air (Note, skills like EK where the rope continues in the same direction but the athlete turns do not count)

Rope manipulation

Starting Level	Examples of skills
Level 0.5	Foot work (performed at a slow pace) Criss Cross Basic arm wrap Turns (180°, 360°)
Level 1	Single Restriction (e.g. toad, EB, crougar, restricted side swing) Basic rope release Foot work (performed at a fast pace)
Level 2	Double Restriction (e.g. AS, CL, TS, KN, EM, elephant toad, caboose , t-toad, megan/tummytuck) Mic release Crougar wrap3 Single Restriction Double Under landed on 1 leg (e.g toad, crougar, inverse toad)
Level 3	Lasso release caught in the air Caboose jumping out to a forward single-bounce ("forward French trick") One-arm restriction with a double wrap (for example, toad jumped with double wrap) AS go-go/crazy-cross Catching a mic release in a one arm restriction Double under double restriction (e.g. AS, CL, TS, EM) and exiting from the restriction Double restriction double under landed on 1 leg (e.g. EB toad, t-toad, KN toad, elephant toad) Double restriction switch cross (e.g. AS, CL, TS, caboose)
Level 4	Caboose jumping out in backwards double under ("Backward French-trick") Catching mic release in backward two-arm restriction Double restriction double under switch cross (e.g. AS, CL, TS, caboose) Single restriction wrap triple (e.g. toad, crougar)
Level 5	Double under AS CL switch cross Double under AS TS switch cross Double restriction wrap triple (e.g. EB toad, TS, CL) Restricted release (Fully by the knees or behind the back) to double restricted catch French Trick to a additional restriction (e.g. AS, CL, TS, EB, toad)
Level 6	French trick triple under (L5) To additional restriction (+1) Restricted mic (L3) switch handles (+1) to double restricted catch (+2)
Level 7
Level 8

note

Levels increase as athlete combines wraps, releases, increases the speed of jumping, or preceded by or connected to a skill that makes it harder to complete. Example: Frog to AS. An AS performed as a frog exit requires more rope control than an isolated AS.

note

Judges should look for athletes who attempt to pull the rope under their feet prior to a french trick in order to make the skill eaiser. Jugdes should respond by lowering the level by 1. Example French Trick +4 EB +1 pulled under feet -1 Level 4

Modifiers for rope manipulation

• +1 for switch crosses (AS×AS, criss-cross×criss-cross, AS×CL as long as the arm on top changes, etc.)
• +1 per layer for go-go's/crazy criss-cross (one hand crosses twice across body, leg or arm without uncrossing)
• +1 (max +3) per extra wrap layer for wraps
• +1 for switching handles
• +1 for transition jumps (jumping a one-hand restricted skill and in one jump, jumping the opposite side one-hand restricted skill, such as crougar-crougar)
• +1 for each restricted arm catching the release when catching a release in a one-arm restricted position
• +1 to the release for releasing a handle in a restricted position if, and only if, the hand is completely behind the body (behind the back or behind both legs)
• +1 for catching a release with something other than a hand (such as scooping the rope, squeezing it with a body part, or landing the rope on a foot, shoulder, or similar, jumping the rope with the rope caught on a body part)

Pairs Interactions

Starting Level	Examples of Rope Manipulation skills	Examples of Multiples skills	Examples of Power skills
Level 1	Basic Scoop
Level 2	Multiple athletes being jumped by a Scoop Multiple ropes moving during a Scoop		Leapfrog (Scoop) Frog/pushup entrance (L1) Scoop (+1)
Level 3	Single Restriction +1 Scoops both Athletes +2 Multiple ropes and multiple athletes moving during scoop Basic Floater (L1) Scoops both athletes (+2)	Double Under (L1) Scoops both athletes (+2)	Frog/pushup Exit +2 Basic Scoop +1
Level 4	Mic (L2) Scoops Both athletes (+2) Double restriction (L2) Scoops Both athletes (+2)	Triple Under (L2) scoops both athletes (+2)	One-handed pushup exit (L3) scoop (+1) 2-in-1 assisted (-1) standing frog to double under (1.5 rotations) two-footed frog entry (L5)
Level 5	Restricted mic (L3) scoops both athletes (+2)	TJ (L3) scoops both athletes (+2)	2-in-1 assisted (-1) front flip (L4) triple under (+2) Front or backflip (L4) with a scoop (+1)
Level 6	Restricted mic with restricted catch (L4) scoops both athletes (+2) French Trick (L4) scoops both athletes (+2) Backflip (L4) scoops both athletes (+2)	Double restriction (L4) scoops both athletes (+2)	2-in-1 assisted (-1) Sunny D (L7)
Level 7		Hummingbird (L5) scoops both athletes (+2) Mic (L2) direction change (+1) triple under (+2) scoops both athletes (+2)	2-in-1 assisted (-1) Sunny D (L7) scoops additional athlete (+1)
Level 8	French Trick EB triple under (L6) scoops both athletes (+2)	Hummingbird quintuple under (L6) scoops both athletes (+2)	2-in-1 assisted (-1) Sunny D (L7) yo pushup (+2) Sunny D/Darkside (L7) scoops both athletes (+2) 2-in-1 (-1) both athletes front flip L8 double under (+1)

Modifiers for rope manipulation

• +1 for one athlete being scooped by one rope
• +2 for multiple athletes being jumped by scoop
• +2 for multiple ropes moving during scoop
• +2 for leap-frog (scoop)
• +3 for Multiple ropes and multiple athletes moving during scoop
• -1 for partner interactions where an athlete is being supported/assisted during the entirety of the scoop with the handle. (If the other athlete involves themself in the scoop this (normally a +2) the end result would be a +1 modifier, since the other athlete is still being fully supported in the skill)

Footnotes

1. Historically referred to as a "suicide flip" ↩

2. Historically referred to as a "kamikaze" ↩

3. Under the leg wraps typically consist of multiple components. For example, a crougar wrap may consist of: Crougar, wrapped crougar, 2 restricted swings to unwrap. These steps would result in 4 separate scores: 1,2,1,1. ↩